Friday, July 26, 2013

God in Three Persons

Dear Weekly Readers!

Please enjoy this week's article by Martin Luther.

May God Bless your week!
 
John



"O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! how unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past finding out! For who hath known the mind of the Lord? or who hath been his counsellor? Or who hath first given to him, and it shall be recompensed unto him again? For of him, and through him, and to him, are all things: to whom be glory for ever. Amen." Romans 11:33-36

This is the revelation and knowledge Christians have of God: they not only know Him to be one true God, who is independent of and over all creatures, and that there can be no more than this one true God, but they know also what this one true God in His essential, inscrutable essence is.

The reason and wisdom of man may go so far as to reach the conclusion, although feebly, that there must be one eternal divine being, who has created and who preserves and governs all things. Man sees such a beautiful and wonderful creation in the heavens and on the earth, one so wonderfully, regularly and securely preserved and ordered, that he must say: It is impossible that this came into existence by mere chance, or that it originated and controls itself; there must have been a Creator and Lord from whom all these things proceed and by whom they are governed. Thus God may be known by His creatures, as St. Paul says: For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead... (Romans 1:20) This is the knowledge that we have when we contemplate God from without (a posteriori), in His works and government; as one, looking upon a castle or house from without, would draw conclusions as to its lord or keeper.

But from within (a priori) no human wisdom has been able to conceive what God is in Himself, or in His internal essence. Neither can anyone know or give information of it except it be revealed to him by the Holy Spirit. As Paul says, For what man knoweth the things of a man, save the spirit of man which is in him? even so the things of God knoweth no man, but the Spirit of God. (1 Corinthians 2:11) From without, I may see what you do, but what your intentions are and what you think, I cannot see. Again, neither can you know what I think except I enable you to understand it by word or sign. Much less can we know what God, in His own inner and secret essence is, until the Holy Spirit, who searcheth and knoweth all things, yea, the deep things of God—as Paul says above—reveals it to us: as he does in the declaration of this article, in which he teaches us the existence in the divine majesty of the one undivided essence, but in such manner that there is, first, the person which is called the Father; and of Him exists the second person called the Son, born from eternity; and proceeding from both these is the third, namely, the Holy Spirit. These three persons are not distinct from each other, as individual brothers or sisters are, but they have being in one and the same eternal, undivided and indivisible essence.

This, I say, is not discovered or attained to by human reason. It is revealed from heaven above. Therefore, only Christians can intelligently speak of what the Godhead essentially is, and of His outward manifestation to His creatures, and His will toward men concerning their salvation. For all this is imparted to them by the Holy Spirit, who reveals and proclaims it through the Word.

Further, we know, from the testimony of Holy Writ, that we cannot expound the mystery of these divine things by the speculations of reason and a pretense of great wisdom. To explain this, as well as all the articles of our faith, we must have a knowledge higher than any to which the understanding of man can attain. That knowledge of God which the heathen can perceive by reason or deduce from rational premises is but a small part of the knowledge that we should possess. The heathen Aristotle in his best book concludes from a passage in the wisest pagan poet, Homer: There can be no good government in which there is more than one lord; it results as where more than one master or mistress attempts to direct the household servants. So must there be but one lord and regent in every government. This is all rightly true. God has implanted such light and understanding in human nature for the purpose of giving a conception and an illustration of His divine office, the only Lord and Maker of all creatures. But, even knowing this, we have not yet searched out or fathomed the exalted, eternal, divine Godhead essence. For even though I have learned that there is an only divine majesty, who governs all things, I do not thereby know the inner workings of this divine essence Himself; this no one can tell me, except, as we have said, in so far as God Himself reveals it in His Word.

These Scriptures declare, concerning this article, that there is no God or divine being save this One alone. They not only manifest Him to us from without, but they lead us into His inner essence, and show us that in Him there are three persons; not three Gods or three different kinds of divinity, but the same undivided, divine essence.

Such a revelation is radiantly shed forth from the greatest of God's works, the declaration of His divine counsel and will. In that counsel and will it was decreed from all eternity, and, accordingly, was proclaimed in His promises, that His Son should become man and die to reconcile man to God. For in our dreadful fall into sin and death eternal, there was no way to save us excepting through an eternal person who had power over sin and death to destroy them, and to give us righteousness and everlasting life instead. This no angel or other creature could do; it must needs be done of God Himself. Now, it could not be done by the person of the Father, who was to be reconciled, but it must be done by a second person, with whom this counsel was determined and through whom and for whose sake the reconciliation was to be brought about.

Here there are, therefore, two distinct persons, one of whom becomes reconciled, and the other is sent to reconcile and becomes man. The former is called the Father, being first in that He did not have His origin in any other; the latter is called the Son, being born of the Father from eternity. To this the Scriptures attest, for they make mention of God's Son; as, for instance, in Psalm 2:7: Thou art my son; this day have I begotten thee; and again, Galatians 4:4: But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son... From this it necessarily follows that the Son, who is spoken of as a person, must be distinct from the person of the Father.

Again, in the same manner, the Spirit of God is specifically and distinctively mentioned as a person sent or proceeding from God the Father and the Son; for instance, God says in Joel 2:28: I will pour out my Spirit upon all flesh..." Here a spirit is poured out who is God's, or a divine spirit, and who must be of the same essence, otherwise He could not say, "my Spirit;'' and yet He must be a person other than He who sent Him or who pours out. Again, because when He was sent He manifested Himself, and appeared in His descent in a visible form, like that of a dove or tongues of fire, He must be distinct in person from both the Father and the Son.

Martin Luther

Sermon for Trinity Sunday

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